A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Franz Kafka’s A nation specialist is an anecdote about a specialist who is called upon in the night to take care of a truly sick youngster .Hampered by absence of transport means and outrageous climate conditions, the specialist is making careful effort to think of answers for his issues. This exposition paper will endeavor to efficiently look at the difficulties and dissatisfactions that the specialist experiences as the story unfurls. This paper will likewise respond to the inquiries with respect to why the story might be alluded to as a bad dream just as investigate the significant subjects brought out in this aesthetic story that is in fact an imitation of Franz Kafka’s age and the current present day society. Difficulties and Frustrations The specialist is in a predicament He is tested by the way that he has no methods for transport to take him to the home of the gravely sick youngster, ten miles away. The doctor’s horse had kicked the bucket because of the cold winter. â€Å"My own pony had kicked the bucket the earlier night because of overexertion in this cold winter.† The specialist is baffled now on the grounds that nobody inâ â the town was happy to help him. â€Å"My worker young lady was at that exact second going around the town to check whether she could get a pony yet it was sad I knew that.† Out of dissatisfaction the specialist dangers harming himself by kicking the pigsty’s entryway. â€Å"I kicked my foot against the split entryway of the pigsty which had not been utilized for years.† The serious climate conditions represent a test to the specialist as well. He needs to persevere through the cold blizzard to proceed to take care of a patient. The specialist says, â€Å"A serious blizzard occupied the space among him and me.† The specialist doesn't shroud his issue when he says, † I remained there pointless ,progressively secured by snow , turning into constantly immobile.† After rewarding the wiped out youngster the specialist endeavors to advance home yet the once solid and fat ponies are old and tired, they move at a moderate rate at which the specialist feels he will never arrive at home. Consider, â€Å"We hauled gradually through the cold desert like old men.† The specialist is obviously disappointed when he says, â€Å"I’ll never get back home along these same lines. He becomes dismal when he thinks about his home which was involved by the Groom. â€Å"In my home the sickening lucky man is unleashing ruin, Rosa is his victim.† The third test that the specialist experiences is the Groom. The specialist doesn't have the foggiest idea how to manage this outsider. In the first place, when the husband to be severely chomps Rosa on her cheeks, the specialist just undermines the man of the hour with words and quiets down without a moment's delay since he needed to get a pony from the man of the hour. At that point, the specialis t is nearly the groom’s slave. The man of the hour in the end offers his ponies to the specialist yet chooses to remain with Rosa as opposed to going with the doctor.â The specialist is in this manner at intersection. He doesn't know whether he should remain and shield Rosa from the fierce prepare or feel free to take care of the genuinely sick Youngman. The specialist picked the later. Be that as it may, as the story unfurls the disappointments of the specialist concerning this choice become clear. Consider, â€Å"I needed to forfeit Rosa also, this delightful young lady, who lives in my home throughout the entire year and whom I barely notice-this penance is too great.†

Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation of the Asthmatic Patient in Respiratory

Chapter by chapter list Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Abstract The title of the article gives an away from of the examination question to be explored. It is obviously and seriously worded to give perusers an away from of the investigation. The main writer works in the Emergency Department of Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation of the Asthmatic Patient in Respiratory explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The subsequent writer works in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care. Medication, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. The last creator works in the Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. The creators have aptitude in crisis cases including pneumonic and respiratory conditions. The examination checked on randomized controlled p reliminary articles that were gotten by means of online ventures (Brenner, Corbridge Kazzi, 2009). A sum of 5 randomized controlled preliminaries were evaluated on intubation, yet no preliminary was considered on mechanical ventilation. Presentation The writers of his article didn't express any investigation theory or question. They referenced the power of the issue in their early on passages. Nonetheless, they didn't address the importance of contemplating or investigating the information for intubation and mechanical ventilation of intense asthmatic patients. The agents didn't give any forecasts before doing the surveys. Proof based investigation surveys need to have the importance of the examinations, and away from of the result. This was a major inadequacy with respect to the creators. A few examinations have been done to explore and report clinical pertinent information on intubation and mechanical ventilation of intense asthmatic patients (McFadden Jr, 2003). An investigation noticed that there are around 2 million crisis visits by patients with intense asthma every year. Different examinations have perceived the significance of intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with intense asthma. Intubation and mechanical ventilation have been appeared to decrease mortality cases in patients with intense asthma attacksAdvertising Looking for basic composition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the exploration sources utilized by the creators were later (5-10 years). They gave the creators of the past research credit by refering to them fittingly. While there is no judgment of past research discoveries, this territory of research has had debates. The debates have prompted more investigations being done to discover the clinical truth (Shapiro, 2001). Techniques The investigation survey termed look through on the web. The terms were intubation and mechanical ventilat ion. The intubation search yielded 41 randomized controlled preliminaries and 6 meta-investigations. Just 5 randomized controlled preliminaries were utilized for audits in the investigation. The mechanical ventilation search yielded 5 randomized controlled preliminaries and 4 meta-examinations. All the randomized controlled preliminaries and meta-examinations were not considered for audit. The creators checked on writing from the five randomized controlled preliminaries for intubation. Results The creators comprehends the examination discoveries by deciphering them suitably. From the writing audit of the 5 randomized controlled preliminaries, the writers picked seven (7) key territories to be tended to. Their decisions depended on their clinical experience. The key regions tended to were: anticipation of intubation, standards for intubation, intubation procedures, suitable ventilator settings, post intubation the board, the board of ventilated patient and counteraction and treatment of entanglements. Conversation The authors’ conversation incorporated correlation with other research concentrates regarding the matter. The creators perceived the exertion by different scientists in discovering approaches to forestall intubation, and finding the standards for intubation. They likewise tended to the requirements of ventilation in a patient with intense asthma. The creators examined the issues on post intubation the executives, an issue that has been concentrated by past investigates widely. Their last zone to examine was counteraction and treatment of intricacies emerging from mechanical ventilation and intubation.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation of the Asthmatic Patient in Respiratory explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research has shown that confusions emerge in patients who have experienced intubation and mechanical ventilation. Research suggests proper methodology for m anaging such entanglements. Proper administration of inconveniences assists with sparing existences of patients (Lougheed, Fisher O’Donnell, 2006). The creators have neglected to specify the impediments and predispositions, accordingly they have bombed in giving their decision on the level of clinical significance of the investigations. The creators just utilized 5 randomized controlled preliminaries from intubation look. They dismissed different preliminaries that were found and all the meta-investigations articles. Moreover, the writers didn't audit randomized controlled preliminary and meta-examinations articles found on mechanical ventilation. They didn't give the standard for choosing the articles. The quantity of articles utilized for the audit was too not many to even consider giving great end regarding the matter. Moreover, the nonappearance of audits of articles on mechanical ventilation made the survey frail. End The article is very applicable to respiratory expert consideration. The article talks about seven key focuses that are of importance to respiratory expert consideration. The creators have point by point the procedures of intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with intense asthma. The creators have likewise point by point the proper moves to be made when difficulties emerge from intubation and mechanical ventilation systems. The article gives vital data pertinent to experts in respiratory consideration. References Brenner, B., Corbridge, T., Kazzi, A. (2009). Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the asthmatic patient in respiratory disappointment. Procedures of the American Thoracic Society, 6(4), 371-379. Lougheed, M. D., Fisher, T., O’Donnell, D. E. (2006). Dynamic Hyperinflation During Bronchoconstriction in Asthma Implications for Symptom Perception. Chest Journal, 130(4), 1072-1081.Advertising Searching for basic composition on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More McFadden Jr, E. R. (2003). Intense extreme asthma. American diary of respiratory andâ critical care medication, 168(7), 740-759. Shapiro, J. M. (2001). Escalated care the board of status asthmaticus. Chest  Journal, 120(5), 1439-1441. This basic composition on Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation of the Asthmatic Patient in Respiratory was composed and put together by client Lance Morales to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You For the third consecutive year, LinkedIn has produced a list of its 25 Hottest Skills. I shared 2014s list with you as a part of my Top 10 Lists for the year, and I thought 2015s edition deserved a separate post. This is a great tool for honing the keyword phrases in your LinkedIn profile, especially if your expertise matches any of these skill sets. To compile its list, LinkedIn reviews the top keywords searched by recruiters throughout the course of the year. The site has made a nice improvement to this years list by including a column to depict which direction the skills are trending. And the material accompanying LinkedIns article contains links to training and job openings for each skill. Nice! Many skills have maintained their search relevancy since the list first ran in 2013. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining and Mobile Development both remained in the top 10 since LinkedIn started the yearly compilation. New this year are Corporate Law and Governance, Software Modeling and Process Design, and Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Off the list are Recruiting, Digital and Online Marketing, and Computer Graphics and Animation, dropping from 15th, 16th and 17th respectively in 2014 to 26th, 32nd and 34th in 2015. Integrated Circuit Design and SAP ERP Systems also exited the top 25, falling 7 spots each. Lists from the past 3 years: The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2013 The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2014 The 25 Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2016 If you cant claim the top skills on LinkedIn and are kicking yourself about it, perhaps the latest list will serve as motivation to make this year the one when you get the training youve been contemplating. And if you already have these skills, but you dont have the keywords written into your LinkedIn profile, I highly recommend you add them there! Its a good bet that if you have any of strengths listed here and youre currently on the hunt for a new job, 2016 may prove to be a fruitful one for your career. Of course, that all depends on whether your LinkedIn profile is of the KILLER standard. Im here if you need help. On a slightly different note, if youre interested in knowing which soft skills are important to strengthen for a successful career, check out the Mind the Skills Gap LinkedIn series, where Amy Chen asks 50+ influencers what skills theyll be honing in 2016. You can get in on the fun and share your plans with LinkedIn readers too!

Build an RSS Reader With Python - About Python

An RSS Reader is a straightforward program, and building one ensures that one knows the basics of the language. It also teaches the basics of Python web programming and XML handling. Follow these step-by-step tutorials to build a web-based, customizable RSS Reader. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: Four hours Heres How: Laying the Groundwork with HTML, CGI, and PHP Getting the Feed Information From the Data File With Python Creating a Feed Class and Making a Functional Python Program

Oppression Is The Foundation Of Revolution - 1243 Words

Oppression is the foundation of revolution. Injustice fuels revolutionary fervor in the oppressed. In the eyes of the colonists, the British oppressed the colonists. In the late Eighteenth Century, increased taxation and restrictions imposed by the British were intolerable actions. Many colonists saw these actions as unjust and oppressive. Increased political restrictions and economic exploitations resulted in increased revolutionary fervor. The oppression of the colonists during Britain’s seemingly tyrannical reign led to the American Revolution. Colonists were outraged by Britain’s disregard of the British Constitution displayed by taxes and restrictions. . Economic acts implemented by the British resulted in other complaints regarding the circumstances under which the acts were implemented. In other words, the American Revolution was comparatively not about money. Although America’s problems with Britain were seemingly economic, colonists cared more about poli tical power and independence than taxation itself. Grievances expressed by colonists mostly reflected the a lack of representation, the minimization of colonial self-government, and the deprivation of rights. Consequently, the American Revolution was caused by British economic and political policies that led to unfavorable colonial opinions of the 18th Century British government. Although many factors contributed to the colonial decision to declare independence and start the American Revolutionary War, economicShow MoreRelatedThe Human Race867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have overlooked as one of the necessary keys to the growth of humanity. Oppression. Oppression of humans has been an almost constant characteristic in many civilizations in almost every part of the Western world and at almost any time period. 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After a short military career in Canada, Crà ¨vecÅ“ur purchased land in Orange County, New York, where he would experience the transformationRead More Marx and the Communist Movement Essay922 Words   |  4 Pageswritten. It contains the viewpoints and ideology of the world-view that Marx and Engels had come to know from their political involvement from the previous years. Published in 1848, in a time of European revolution, the Manifesto is an incisive summary of the Marxist vision and outlines the foundation of the Marxist movement. According to Marx, four stages of human development exist. In the beginning of social development there is slavery where political and social freedoms are non-existent. TheRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The Apartheid1428 Words   |  6 Pagesovercome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minority and the systemic racism that was once prevalent in the Southern United States. 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Marx and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto encompasses ideas of violence in social revolution and communism. In Marx’s theory, Marx writes of a Communist Revolution. The forces of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes clash with the attempt to overthrow existing social systems through violence. Although violence holds negative connotations, Fanon and Marx show that itRead MoreSurplus Value Is The Most Significant Concept1298 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue is one of his best concept and contribution to economic analysis. (Letter to Engels 1867) It is the main source of oppression and exploitation over the proletariat within a capitalist society. It allows Marx’s ideas to follow a consecutive lineage, from the oppression of the proletariat, to overcoming false class-consciousness, finally leading to the Proletarian revolution. Surplus value is the key reason why the proletariat must rebel and regain the true value of their labour, instead of it

Sports Psych Evaluation on” We Are Marshall” Free Essays

We Are Marshall We Are Marshall is movie about the Marshall University football team of 1970, who almost all died in a plane crash coming home from an away game. The only members of the team that remained were the players left at home because of injuries, and one coach who drove home because of a recruiting trip. Normally Sports Psychologist could find things to work on with any team but with a new coach coming in to rebuild the program who just suffered an unruly loss the issues are heightened by the pain, struggle, and stress to win for those who could no longer play. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Psych Evaluation on† We Are Marshall† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Marshall Heard struggled with adapting and accepting different leaders, having the motivation to win even though they were all mainly freshman playing against teams of mostly juniors and seniors, the new and old players working together to have a common goal , sticking together and developing team cohesion and, honoring the other players. There were so many things this team had to overcome to find the common will to win. Cooperation was a main concept that the Heard had to achieve in order to have success at anything after this tragedy. Not only did they have to get their teammates to cooperate with each other and the new coaching staff, they also had to get cooperation from the student body and the school board. After the plane crash the school board decided that it will be best for everyone if they suspend the following season and give the school time to grieve and get back to normal. When the remaining players heard about this they decide to rally the school together to get the board to allow them to play the following season. They got the student body to chant, â€Å"We are Marshall,† outside of the meeting of the school board when the final decision was being made to not have a season. With the cooperation of all of their peers the Heard was allowed to continue on with the season as previously planned. Before we even get in to cooperation with the entire team these few players remaining had to present a common goal to the student body and organize an event so that they school would allow the team to have a season so they could honor their teammates in the following season. A big struggle with this program was having strong leadership, and following the leadership. The players who were left had to deal adjusting from being just part of a team to leading a new team of freshman. They had their times when leading was tough for them, Ruffin a player who was left at home because of a shoulder injury stepped up and became the main captain and leader of the team. Ruffin had times where he didn’t lead by example and because he felt like the new players did not respect his former teammates he blew up and picked a fight. Later on in the movie Ruffin’s shoulder injury returns and worsens, he is told that he cannot play the second half of the game. Although many players would sulk in there injury Ruffin showed his true colors and his leadership ability when he went out in the second half and was his team’s biggest cheerleader. He did everything he could to help his team out even though he would not benefit from it. Ruffin led his team with pride and he expected the team to play to the best of their ability to honor the players from the previous year who could no longer play. Also in We Are Marshall the president filling in since the true president of the University also died in the plane crash as well, lead the school and had faith in the new coach and the team to turn things down although he was getting criticized for it. He approved hiring a new coach and for the recruiting to start, he got the NCAA to make an exception to the rules stating that freshmen could play so they could have a team. He lead by example and did everything he could to help the football program. When the town and some board members questioned his decisions he stood by them and did what he believed to be the right thing to do. Motivation was very important for this team. The players who remained from the year before were motivated by their friends, coaches, and teammates they lost. These players felt a sense of duty to these players that they needed to play well and get things back together for their teammates who could no longer play. These upper classmen and the coaching staff had a hard time getting this type of motivation in to the new players. Ruffin and other returners had times where they tried to get the freshmen to understand what they were working towards but the freshmen just didn’t have the same loyalty and connection to the old team. According to Vlachopoulos, athletes with high intrinsic motivation have better self-appreciation and are more successful in their activities compared with their intrinsically less motivated mates† (Bollok, Takacs, Dobay Kalmar, 2011)You could see this, because Ruffin had an internal motivation to play to the best of his ability to honor his teammates who died, he had more of a drive to do well and he expected everyone else to do their best too. The coaching staff saw this struggle as ell, they could see that the whole team was not motivated to get the job done. Before one game the coaches had the team meet them at the memorial of six players who lost their lives and were too badly deformed after the crash to identify who they were who had been buried together because â€Å"They are still a team,† said Dr. Aldred P. Wallace in an article from The Herald newspaper after the accident . There he talks to them about what happened and how those players literally gave their lives to do what rest of them were doing. This pep talk stirred up something in the boys and that night they won their very first game. Along with the trip to the cemetery also came group cohesion. When the coaches talked to the team about what happened with the team before them and got the new players to have respect and feel a tie to the players who were no longer alive the group gelled better. Once the whole team respected the passed players and coaches they found a common goal. Watching this film the game after the trip to the cemetery was so different than what had been shown previously. Once this group found their cohesion and common goals they succeeded. The dynamics of this team differed from any other team in the NCAA at the time. At this time it was against NCAA rules to allow freshmen to play. As if being the youngest team competing in the NCAA at the time wasn’t enough of a challenge, as previously stated they had some players who had a lot of respect for the former players and those who figured they didn’t know them so they didn’t really matter. Team members and team dynamics have to depend on and support each other to accomplish a shared goal†(Chandel 2) without good team dynamics it makes it a lot harder to get your goal achieved. Obviously every team has differences on it but usually not things that could set them back as bad as these could. Being the youngest team to take the field came with all sorts of challenges, lack of experience, smaller players, and less maturity. At the beginning these new kids had little respect for oth ers and what had happened, this caused a divided team. Once the team was all on the same page and they got their differences sorted out they performed well, better than anyone expected. Communication is key in any team sport, but when players have baggage and built up frustration and aggression it is even more important. The remaining players had some held in frustration for a number of different reasons resulting from the plane crash. This came out at random times such as, during practice, in the locker room, and even in the dorm. Not only was communication needed on the field it was needed outside of football. If the remaining players could have better communicated their feelings about the crash with their new teammates and got them to understand what they were going through they may not have had so many problems becoming a team as they did in the beginning. Once the importance of the players of the 1970 team was understood by the freshmen they worked with their upperclassmen better. They had a mutual understanding of what needed to be done and why and this helped them succeed. In the movie We Are Marshall a team must overcome the challenges of having a completely new team and coaching staff as well as the challenges a coach and a few players have in dealing with the loss of the rest of the football program. Every sports team has to adjust each year to maybe a few coaching changes or new freshmen coming in but to have to rebuild an entire new program is completely different. The Heard of Marshall faces issues anywhere from team cohesion to leadership changes. New players have to step up to help the new coach out and the coaches have to try everything they can think of just to keep the team from killing each other. This movie is one of the greatest stories of a team overcoming adversity and coming together. ASHVIN M. CHANDEL Role of Group Dynamics in Team Sports, : Indian Streams Research Journal (June ; 2012) Bollok, S. , Takacs, J. , Dobay, B. , Kalmar, Z. (2011). External and internal sport motivations of young adults. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 3(1), 102. Retrieved from http://versita. metapress. com/content/J27L830PG4223742 Withers, B. (1970, November 16). The crash. The Herald- Dispatch. Retrieved from http://media. herald-dispatch. com/mucrash/index. php? p=1_61 How to cite Sports Psych Evaluation on† We Are Marshall†, Papers

Frederic Chopin and Billy Joel free essay sample

Nearly two centuries separate two of the greatest pianists of all times: yet Frederic Chopin and Billy Joel have many similarities in their composure of music. The biggest connection among the two is their love for the piano. Not only did they both enjoy playing the piano, it was a way of life for both Chopin and Joel. Chopin, a half-polish and half-French composer from the Romantic era Is known to some as the prince of the romantics (Samovars). Joel, an American pop musician often referred to by many as the Plano man (Sundown). Despite the fact these two composers are from different times as well as countries, they do have a number of resemblances. Frederic Chopin was born in Warsaw, Poland in the year 1810. Chopin began displaying his artistic talents at a very early age; he was an artist, enjoyed writing poetry and also played the piano without any formal training. He began composing music as a child and at the very young age of only seven, Chopping first piece of music was published. In the year 1817 Chopping first piece of music was performed publicly. About a year later, for the first time, Chopin himself played a concerto publicly.It was at this time Chopin began drawing comparisons to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Encyclopedia, 2013). At the age of 20, Chopin decided he must leave Warsaw to gain exposure to other musicians and to try and publicize his music. He went to Paris, where he spent much of his life, but his poor health often prevented him from performing publicly. Chopin suffered much of his days from tuberculosis, severe anxiety and Influenza often Mint 2 hindered his strength to perform and it was then he realized he could earn enough by simply teaching. Chopin preferred composition to playing concerts (Encyclopedia, 2013).While several ladies appear to be involved with Chopin over the years, George Sand, a novelist, seemed to be the most renowned. They met In 1836 and although the two never married, they were together for 10 years. Their relationship ended when they had a disagreement over Sands children. In 1846 Chopping health deteriorated causing the pianist to lose concentration and all interest in his composition. Frederic Chopin died in the year 1849 in Paris. Even though Chopping productivity was somewhat small to other great composers, many of his works as still some of the most admired pieces in classical music.Billy Joel was born William Martin Joel in Bronx, New York in the year 1949. Joel began playing piano at the age of four and Immediately showed a real talent for the Instrument. At 16, he dropped out of high school chasing a performing career. After a disappointing release to his first solo album which failed, Joel moved to Los Angles. It was here in 1972 he got a gig performing as a lounge pianist. This gig would later be the inspiration for his song Piano Man, which went on to be a Top 20 single (A, 2013). By 1981 , Joel had received a Grammar for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance and also Peoples Choice Award.Throughout the asss Joel racked up many hits. Joel and his first wife of nine years divorced In 1982. He met and married supermodel Christine alcohol addiction and was in and out of rehab. It was around this time he married journalist, Katie Lee. They too would divorce after only five years or Mint 3 marriage. Today, Joel is semi-retired when it comes to recording pop music; however, he has ventured out and took on something a little different composing a number of classical songs. Joel describes his song writing as music that meant something during the time in which I lived D transcended that time (Billy Joel). When comparing Frederic Chopin to Billy Joel, the first resemblance in the two is their love for the piano. They were both considered pros at playing. Both Chopin and Joel composed and wrote music with a lot of emotion. Chopping ballades were full of energetic tones: calm, slow, powerful and dynamic. Alike, many of Joules songs had meaning and were written about experiences he had encountered, some good and some bad. Both Joel and Chopin composed many pieces of work about romance. One of Joules most popular love songs is Shes Got a Way which was released in 1971.It is a beautiful vocal piece of music with the piano being the main instrument Ninth an accompanying guitar. Most of Chopping compositions had a romantic sound about them. Etude Pop 25 No 12 is an excellent example of one of Chopping masterpieces; it sounds like wonderful dancing music. On another entirely different note, both Chopin and Joel composed music about death. Chopping 3rd movement Funeral March from Piano Sonata #2 is still very familiar today to most of us today. A funeral march is usually a slow piece of music Ninth a steady, plodding beat in a minor key that evokes feelings of sadness and rife (Choice).Joel also recorded a song about death, Lullaby (Goodnight, My Mint 4 Angel). Joel wrote this song for his 7-year-old daughter after she started asking a lot of questions about death (Youth). As mentioned earlier, Joel in recent years has taken an interest in classical music releasing a CD of classical piano pieces called Fantasies and Delusions in 2001 (Sundown). It appears that Chopin may have been an inspiration to Joel including a part of Chopping C minor prelude in his tune Suite for Piano. In an article by Greg Sundown, he states that Joel only emulates the sound f Chopin, but his music is his own.Sundown also goes on to say that Chopin seems yielding and romantic while Joel more muscular. In conclusion, although from ere different times (nearly two centuries), both Frederic Chopin and Billy Joel were expert composers and pro pianists. Given the significant number of years separation between the two and also considering how music has changed over those years, it is difficult to determine how similar their music really was. However, it is evident that both Chopin and Joel composed music based on feelings and emotions. They both rote romantic pieces dealing with love and passion.

The Individual and Game Theory Criticisms and the Evolutionary Theory

Introduction The individual choice/game theory uses a very strict definition of individual rationality. On the contrary, the evolutionary game theory does not make any rationality assumptions. In this paper, the focus is going to be on commenting on whether the evolutionary approach is successful in addressing the criticism that, in neoclassical economics, the profile of the rational individual is not very realistic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Individual and Game Theory Criticisms and the Evolutionary Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evolutionary Theory Provides a Satisfactory Answer to the Criticism In my view, the evolutionary game theory, which is a dynamic process, possibly offers the coordination mechanism which aligns beliefs with behaviour. It brings the game theory closer to economics by looking at economics as the product of an adjustment process instead of being looked at as a thing that simply springs in to existence. The classical game theory, which was a standard theory until the 1980s, is set up on the assumptions of ideal rationality as well as common knowledge (Hodgson 2007). However, it is without a doubt that not only an assumption is made that each individual makes an effort to maximize utility, there is also need to make an assumption of common knowledge of rationality and consistently aligned beliefs (Griine-Yanoff and Lehtinen 2010). According to my judgement, the evolutionary theory has offered some sort of solution to problems that are associated with the classical game theory. By making the relaxation of the perfect rationality assumption legitimate, the revolutionary turn overcame the hurdle which the refinement programme could not overcome. The issue was in the fact that â€Å"classical game theory facilitated generation of predictions were disconfirmed by evidence† (Sugden 2001, p.116). Economists had interest in game theory for the reason that they had hopes of utilizing it in explaining the actions of the â€Å"real economic agents†. Therefore, in the setting, there was an assumption that ‘real economic agents’ like the perfectly rational players of the theory, must possess some explanatory strength. However, the evolutionary theory is not confined to prescribed actions of ‘ideal’ agents as it focuses on the agents’ behaviour which is predetermined by successful actions of other agents. In other words, the evolutionary theory focuses on specific behavioural patterns which have already been checked and proved to be successful. Therefore, economists do not try to work out some patterns on the basis of certain assumptions. The economists can have more specific material. The evolutionary approach offers particular settings and particular examples to operate on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the strengths of the evolutionary game theory is that it does not focus on individuals but on the strategies themselves. It is those strategies that are successful themselves which attract the agents and the individuals do not consciously make choices. It is only that with time, in one way or the other, they learn to make choices of strategies which, in regard to expected utility, are better for them. This might come about for the reason that â€Å"individuals learn from past play, they copy the behaviours of other players that are successful, or they adapt† (Patokos 2011, p.3). Therefore, the evolutionary theory addresses limitations of the game theory which is too ‘theoretical’. The evolutionary theory leaves behind certain theoretical notions like rationality to focus on more specific points like strategies used by the agents. The individual choice/game theory offers models which can hardly fit the modern (i.e. real) world, whereas the evolutionary theory provides in-depth analysis of behavioural patterns and various strategies developed by agents. In simple terms, instead of theorizing (which is the case with game theory), the evolutionary theory is more concerned with analysis of situations which are true to life. It is possible to claim that the evolutionary theory addresses the criticism that the neoclassical approach is unrealistic. The evolutionary approach verifies that it is possible to work out specific strategies which can be used in real life settings. The evolutionary approach enables economists to work out new ways to analyse various processes which take place in the business world. Finally, the evolutionary approach addresses one of the weakest points of the individual choice/game theory. The evolutionary theory does not try to suggest some sort of rationality. The approach suggests that agents’ actions can be justified by previous experiences of agents. In other words, the evolutionary th eory is not confined to analysing rationalities which influence agents’ choices. The evolutionary approach suggests a simple answer to one of the major questions concerning motives and stimuli. The evolutionary theory focuses on successful strategies agents develop. Usefulness of the Evolutionary ApproachAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Individual and Game Theory Criticisms and the Evolutionary Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The evolutionary approach is very useful in addressing the problems associated with the individual choice/game theories that have been pointed out by critics. In an interesting manner, it is not that the evolutionary game theory does not need to make any assumptions on rationality; in the actual sense, it can be proved that the individual rationality assumptions as they are known must not apply for evolutionary theory to take off. Therefore, I view this theory as being a response to the criticism that rationality in neoclassical economics is too restrictive and it offers a very strong answer by leaving out all the rationality assumptions. Furthermore, I assume that evolutionary approach is more applicable in the contemporary business world. Admittedly, game theory proved to be quite effective in analysing certain processes. However, it is too concerned with the concept of rationality. In the ideal world where agents are guided by ‘ideal’ rationality, this theory could be the best option. However, the modern competitive business world is more like the animal world where species try to adopt and simply survive. Likewise, evolutionary approach can explain many of the on-going processes. I assume that modern agents tend to strive for success which presupposes fitness to certain conditions. Thus, evolutionary approach is more concerned with agents’ actions and choices which lead to some kind of development, rather than tracing agentsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ choices based on specific rationality. In the evolutionary game, agents do not work out strategies based on their rationality. Agents â€Å"inherit† strategies which have already proved to be effective under certain conditions (Vincent Brown 2005, p. 74). In other words, according to the evolutionary theory agents have specific patterns to use in this or that situation. What is more, every pattern undergoes certain ‘mutation’ which makes it applicable in other situations. Thus, agents work out successful behavioral patterns based on previous experiences, and, at the same time, prepare ground for the next generations of players. The evolutionary approach reveals one of the most important phenomena in the business world. It is possible to claim that one of the advantages of the evolutionary game theory is that it has two layers. Thus, the evolutionary approach presents an outer and inner game (Vincent Brown 2005). These two layers can enable economists to carry out in-depth analysis of various trends.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first layer takes into account players, their activities and the ways they develop new strategies. The second layer is concerned with the strategies worked out. Advantages, disadvantages and overall fitness of this or that strategy is under analysis. Admittedly, such thoroughness can help economists find answers for many questions. For instance, economists not only analyse successful strategies and behavioural patterns. They are able to analyse settings that make people come to this or that conclusion. Economists are also able to understand factors that influence agents’ decision making. Admittedly, this understanding can help to predict changes which can take place in the nearest future. In fact, the evolutionary approach makes economists prepared to various changes as it provides specific solutions to particular problems. This is one of the most important advantages of the evolutionary approach over the neoclassical game theory. Therefore, I assume that the evolutionary approach is more complete as it suggests explanations which are more true to life. This approach enables the economist to analyse former experiences of the agents, and this, in its turn, can enable the researcher to predict behaviour of agents rather than contemplate (and seek for) ideal rationalities. This approach can be applicable for analysis of various processes taking place in the contemporary world. Another advantage of the evolutionary approach is that it enables the researcher to work out (predict) certain behavioural patterns agents can follow in this or that situation. The approach suggests greater degree of certainty which is very important for such disciplines as economics. It is also important to note that the evolutionary theory can help to trace changes that occur in the business world. Thus, agents develop specific behavioural patterns to fit the ‘environment’. Basically, agents evolve to successfully operate in specific settings. By tracing the change s in behaviours, the researchers can single out trends and principles that appear. Therefore, the evolutionary approach extends to the analysis of agents’ behaviours as well as analysis of the settings. This approach can help researchers to carry out in-depth analysis of the major principles existing in the business world. The evolutionary approach can help to predict changes that are about to occur, or to work out the most effective strategies to cope with up-coming issues. Basically, the evolutionary approach offers effective solutions applicable in the rapidly changing world. Conclusion The evolutionary theory has given some solutions to problems that are said to be associated with the individual choice and game theories. By bringing a dynamic process to the game theory, this has rationalized the existence of several equilibriums. The evolutionary approach focuses on particular strategies which have been worked out by agents on the basis of successful experience of other a gents. The evolutionary theory offers specific solutions which can be applicable in the contemporary world, which is one of the advantages of the approach. Reference List Griine-Yanoff, T Lehtinen, A 2010, Philosophy of game theory, Elsevier BV, New York. Hodgson, MG 2007, ‘Evolutionary and institutional economics as the new mainstream’, Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, vol. 4 no. 1, pp.7–25. Patokos, T 2011, ‘Evolutionary game theory – an introduction: issues in applied economics, Lecture notes for session 4’ (University of Hertfordshire). Sugden, R 2001, ‘The evolutionary turn in game theory’, Journal of Economic Methodology, vol. 8 no. 1, pp. 113–130. Vincent, TL Brown JS 2005, Evolutionary game theory, natural selection, and Darwinian dynamics, Cambridge University Press, New York. This essay on The Individual and Game Theory Criticisms and the Evolutionary Theory was written and submitted by user GorillaMan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Battle of Britain, 1940 - 1941

The Battle of Britain, 1940 - 1941 Battle of Britain (1940) The Battle of Britain was the intense air battle between the Germans and the British over Great Britains airspace from July 1940 to May 1941, with the heaviest fighting from July to October 1940. After the fall of France at the end of June 1940, Nazi Germany had one major enemy left in Western Europe Great Britain. Overconfident and with little planning, Germany expected to quickly conquer Great Britain by first gaining domination over airspace and then later sending in ground troops across the English Channel (Operation Sealion). The Germans began their attack on Great Britain in July 1940. At first, they targeted airfields but soon switched to bombing general strategic targets, hoping to crush British morale. Unfortunately for the Germans, British morale stayed high and the reprieve given to British airfields gave the British Air Force (the RAF) the break it needed. Although the Germans continued to bomb Great Britain for months, by October 1940 it was clear that the British had won and that the Germans were forced to indefinitely postpone their sea invasion. The Battle of Britain was a decisive victory for the British, which was the first time the Germans had faced defeat in World War II.

Self assessment assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self assessment assignment - Essay Example Overall, the test was a great revelation to me, and one that will help me to improve my personal and professional life. The score was 45. This score means that most people think one is confident and in charge of their lives. However, the individual in question is not so sure, whether they are confident. This occurs when one had a difficult upbringing, especially guardians and parents who were so demanding. It can also occur when on thinks that they are not as good as people actually think they are. In relationships, such people will feel anxious and worry so much even about issues that other people would consider petty. It is also a culmination of not being able to forgive self for past mistakes (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2002). Personally, I believe the test best describes me. I have not been so confident in life; sometimes, I feign it, and people around me believe just that-that I am confident. I find it hard to get into relationships. Overall, this test depicted my situation and did not only help me to understand my self-esteem, but also the self-esteem of my close friends. The score was 76. This score means that one is likely to be a leader and set the right directions for the company. They only need to be more confident and get out of the shell. They can plan and initiate change, not only in themselves, but also in others. Leadership is a skill that can be learned and used to motivate others at the workplace and other realms of life (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2002). The score means that if only more effort is added, one can just be as passionate about honing their leadership skills, because at the end of the day leadership is learned, not acquired. Personally, the score surprised me. I have always believed that leaders are born; that they must be orators. After the score, though, I am now confident that I can compose myself and assume any leadership

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) Essay - 7

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) - Essay Example The rituals of behavior which governed blacks under Jim Crow included such norms as restrictions on blacks and whites eating together, prohibitions on blacks shaking hands with whites, right-of-way at intersections for whites, the non-usage of titles of respect or courtesy for blacks, expecting blacks to remove hats or caps when talking with whites, and other customs and standards of behavior which unequivocally demonstrated the inferiority of African-Americans. This racial etiquette could be violated at the risk of life and family, as the threat of lynching was very real. In addition to the above, many southern states passed legislation which excluded blacks from public transport, facilities and some neighborhoods. There were statutes which provided separate train cars for blacks, reserved seats in coaches for whites, denied blacks the right to vote through discriminatory clauses, literacy tests and poll taxes, established separate schools, rest rooms, water fountains, telephone boo ths and burial grounds, mandated segregated rooms at libraries, prisons, hospitals and bars, and strictly banned interracial marriages. Most of the laws were directed towards the prohibition of social interaction between the two races. The Jim Crow laws may be considered to have ended by the mid 1960’s. Gradually, America has universally acknowledged that racial discrimination in any form is unjust, and corrective justice, as implied in affirmative action and reparation have gathered support. This broad consensus has led to the acceptance that discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender or class is against the beliefs of American society. The laws of the U.S.A. are now firmly against any discrimination and an egalitarian society has been established, with the shining example of Barack Obama as

Purpose Of Compaction: Types Of Compaction

Purpose Of Compaction: Types Of Compaction Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction of highway embankments, earth dams, foundations and many other engineering structure. Soil must be compacted to their unit weights, increase the strength characteristic which increase the bearing capacity of foundations constructed over them. Soil is compacted by removing air and water from its pore space. Compaction is a change in soil structure, not just an increase in soil density. Healthy soils have a diversity of pore sizes, while compacted soils have mostly small pores. In general, Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. Almost all types of building sites and construction projects utilize mechanical compaction techniques. During the compaction process soil partials are pushed closer together. This reduces the size of pores, the continuity of pores, and the size and stability of aggregates. Only under severe compaction will aggregates break down.This soil density chart shows properly compacted soil. Purpose of soil Compaction: The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads. Also in a construction material, the significant engineering properties of soil are its shear strength, its compressibility, and its permeability. Compaction of the soil generally increases its shear strength, decreases its compressibility, and decreases its permeability. in addition, compaction reduces the voids ratio making it more difficult for water to flow through soil. This is important if the soil is being used to retain water such as would be required for an earth dams. So we conclude that there are four reasons to compact the soil: Increase load-bearing capacity. Prevent soil settlement. Provides stability . Reduce water seepage, swilling and construction. Poor compaction can lead to unwanted results. Figure: result of poor compaction Types of compaction: There are four types of compaction that are commonly used on soil and/or asphalt: Vibration Impact Kneading Pressure Each of these types is carried out using one of two types of forces: static or vibratory. Static force relies on the weight of a machine to apply downward pressure on soil, thus compressing the soil particles. Adding weights to, or removing them from, the compaction machine can adjust the amount of pressure. Although effective, static compaction is best suited for the upper soil layers. The types of compaction that fall under static are kneading and pressure.Padfeet on a Caterpillar CP563 Vibratory force, on the other hand, uses mechanically driven force to apply downward pressure in addition to the weight of a machine. The mechanically driven force is an applied vibratory force that rotates the eccentric weight of a piston and spring combination. Compactors achieve compaction through the use of delivering rapid blows, or impacts, to the surface. This is effective in that it not only compacts the top layers, but the deeper layers as well. With vibration, the particles are set in motion and moved closer together to form a high density Compaction soil types: Different types of compaction are best suited for different soil types and conditions. This is because of the underlying density and moisture that different soil types are able to retain. Soil types are classified in three soil groups, with consideration to grain sizes. These types are: Cohesive Granular Cohesive and granular Cohesive In cohesive soils, such as clay, the particles contain characteristics that make them easily stick together so compaction can be achieved by high impact, which forces the air out of the particles, pushing them together. Granular Granular soils include sand, gravel, and other particles that typically range in size from 0.003 to 0.08 inches (0.008 to 0.2 cm). Because granular soils have good water-draining properties, they are able to obtain high density when fully dry or saturated. Granular is best compacted by shaking or vibrating the particles. Any type of vibratory equipment is best suited for this type. Depending on the type of granular soil, different degrees of vibration are required. Granular and Cohesive Often, soils are a mixture of both granular and cohesive, requiring more precise compaction equipment. Equipment should be chosen on the basis of the soil in the mix that is present in the highest percentage. Some materials, such as asphalt, require both vibration and static pressure to be compacted effectively. Machinery uses frequency and amplitude to apply a force for compaction. Frequency is the measure of the speed of the eccentric shaft rotation, or of the jumping of the machine, quantifiable by vibrations per minute (vpm). Amplitude measures the maximum movement of a vibrating body from its axis in one direction Field Tests: It is important to know and control the soil density during compaction. Following are common field tests to determine on the spot if compaction densities are being reached. Sand Cone Test (ASTM D1556-90): A small hole (6 x 6 deep) is dug in the compacted material to be tested. The soil is removed and weighed, then dried and weighed again to determine its moisture content. A soils moisture is figured as a percentage. The specific volume of the hole is determined by filling it with calibrated dry sand from a jar and cone device. The dry weight of the soil removed is divided by the volume of sand needed to fill the hole. This gives us the density of the compacted soil in lbs per cubic foot. This density is compared to the maximum Proctor density obtained earlier, which gives us the relative density of the soil that was just compacted. Nuclear Density (ASTM D2292-91): Nuclear Density meters are a quick and fairly accurate way of determining density and moisture content. The meter uses a radioactive isotope source (Cesium 137) at the soil surface (backscatter) or from a probe placed into the soil (direct transmission). The isotope source gives off photons (usually Gamma rays) which radiate back to the maters detectors on the bottom of the unit. Dense soil absorbs more radiation than loose soil and the readings reflect overall density. Water content (ASTM D3017) can also be read, all within a few minutes. A relative Proctor density with the compaction results from the test. How the Nuclear Density test works How the Sand Cone test works FACTORS AFFECTING COMPACTION IN THE FIELD: Compaction of a particular soil is affected by following given factors: MOISTURE CONTENT Proper control of moisture content in soil is necessary for achieving desired density. Maximum density with minimum compacting effort can be achieved by compaction of soil near its OMC (Optimum Moisture Content). If natural moisture content of the soil is less than OMC, calculated amount of water should be added to soil with sprinkler attached to water tanker and mixed with soil by motor grader for uniform moisture content. When soil is too wet, it is required to be dried by aeration to reach up to OMC. Moisture content of the soil is vital to proper compaction SOIL TYPE Type of soil has a great influence on its compaction characteristics. Normally, heavy clays, clays and silt offer higher resistance to compaction where as sandy soils and coarse grained or gravelly soils are amenable for easy compaction. The coarse-grained soils yield higher densities in comparison to clays. A well-graded soil can be compacted to higher density. LAYER THICKNESS The more the thickness of layer of earth subjected to field compaction, the less the energy input per unit weight of soil and hence, less is the compaction under each pass of the roller. Suitable thickness of soil of each layer is necessary to achieve uniform thickness. Layer thickness depends upon type of soil involved and type of roller, its weight and contact pressure of its drums. Normally, 200-300 mm layer thickness is optimum in the field for achieving homogeneous compaction. CONTACT PRESSURE Contact pressure depends on the weight of the roller wheel and the contact area. In case of pneumatic roller, the tyre inflation pressure also determines the contact pressure in addition to wheel load. A higher contact pressure increases the dry density and lowers the optimum moisture content SPEED OF ROLLING Speed of rolling has a very important bearing on the roller output. The greater the speed of rolling, the more the length of embankment that can be compacted in one day. Speed was found to be a significant factor for vibratory rollers because its number of vibrations per minute is not related to its forward speed. Therefore, the slower the speed of travel, the more vibrations at a given point and lesser number of pass required to attain a given density. TYPE OF COMPACTING EQUIPMENTS A large variety of mechanical equipments is available for compaction of soil but soil type and moisture condition will often dictate the type of equipments and method of use. Some important compacting equipment are given below: 1. Light compacting equipments (Rammers/Plate compactors) 2. Smooth wheel rollers 3. Sheepsfoot rollers 4. Pneumatic tyred rollers 5. Vibratory rollers 6. Grid rollers 2003 Dynapac CC122 Tandem Vibratory Smooth Drum Roller . Figure: Smooth wheel-Roller http://www.rentittoday.com/cmsAdmin/uploads/thumb/Rammer-or-Upright-Tamper_002_001_001_001_001.jpg figure: Light compacting equipments (Rammers) Summary: Soil compaction is an important part of the construction process. It is used for support of structural entities such as building foundations, roadways, walkways, and earth retaining structures to name a few. In general, the preselected soil should have adequate strength, be relatively incompressible so that future settlement is not significant, be stable against volume change as water content or other factors vary, be durable and safe against deterioration, and possess prop Refrances: Das, Braja M. (2002). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering.fourth edition. P100 IS: 2720-1983 (Part-14)- Determination of density index (Relative Density) of cohesion New Used Heavy Equipment http://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/soil_compaction#ixzz2CglEjAcM Engineering Properties of Soils Based on Laboratory Testing Prof. Krishna Reddy, UIC Das, Braja M. (2002). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering.fourth edition. P100

Gender roles Essay

Well, the topic of gender roles is a ripe one. While there is no specific outline providing benchmarks to use in classifying a person’s gender, a number of factors come into play in helping define one’s gender. One of the factors is cultural prescription as provided for by a person’s social group. A man is a man or a woman a woman depending on how the social group they belong to label or socializes them. But one should remember here that genitalia alone do not determine a person’s gender. While one’s sex is determined by one’s biology, both biology and culture (nature and nurture) determine their gender. There are different roles for different genders. Gender is more of culturally than biologically determined. In fact, a person could be born with male genitalia but be of female gender or vice versa. Differences exist between the male and female genders for instance; men are braver than women and women more emotional than men. Women like being protected while men like to protect. Also, men want to pursue a woman for relationship while women want to be pursued. The differences between the genders emanate from differences in sexes culture, religion among others. Some of the similarities include: both are jealous, self-centered and want to mend the other to live up to their own standards. Again, both genders converge in their need for recognition and love. These among other differences and similarities together with other factors such as legal have succeeded in being constant obstacles on the road to equality. Most social groups, our parents and the media have socialized us to believe that the male gender is superior to the female gender. One can ask, does sex determine one’s abilities? Pursuing such a question may elicit an endless debate but a sex-based approach in determining gender roles is bias and oppressive to women and perpetuates inequalities and patriarchy. No wonder women have to fight for equality. Kyra Sedgwick says that, â€Å"†¦we are still not really supposed to want it as much as guy does. † But I think women should be able to make their own choices. I would want to socialize my children in a manner that they will see both genders as equal and worth as much respect despite the differences. I will also want to allow them freedom to choose what they want to be in life. I will not deny them opportunities on the basis of their gender. I will also encourage them to follow their passion provided they are within the range of acceptable careers and I will endeavor to support them. A number of questions puzzle me. They include; In agitating for equality, do women become more women or less? Is a woman more woman because she enjoys same rights as a man? Is it possible to invent a universally acceptable modality of determining gender roles so as to eschew the controversy? What provisions do our societies make for those individuals who do not qualify as average male/female? These questions leave me lost in the labyrinths. The first and second questions demand that women be careful when agitating for equality lest they lose their identity. Anyway what is so serious about losing one’s identity? If forgoing one’s identity will make one have a happier life then isn’t it better to forgo it. What should be pursued, identity or happiness? Addressing the third question will save us unnecessary debates while the fourth question rises out of my worry that there are some persons that are left out in the classification of genders and this could be unfair- a more inclusive definition needs to be adopted for a fair discussion. In doing away with the dual classification such terms as feminism and others that are so ‘poisoned’ will be avoided and may be a less controversial nomenclature adopted. Andrea Wong is a brave woman. From her early age she tried her leg in leadership, a field that was erroneously perceived as a reserve for men. Also unlike most women, Andrea Wong knows how, after falling, to get up, dust herself off and keep going. Unlike Wong, most women get resigned after their first failure. If women were like her, they would also be leaders like she is today and would be doing great exploits. Rachel Roy is another woman who impresses me. She goes for what she wants and she wants nothing but the best, â€Å" If I couldn’t work at Contempo, I didn’t want to work anywhere. † This shows a resolve that most women lack. She knows what she wants that is to be a designer, â€Å"her passion started in childhood and she has never wavered†. She is final in her decision. These two women not only set good example for me but also are good role models for women. From the pieces, it is clearly depicted that success for women is dependent on their attitude and not their gender. If women changed their attitude then they would favorably compete against men and it would be easier for them and tougher for men. Works cited Newsweek, October 15, 2007.

Bent Toward Your Goal, the Whole World Will Make Way Essay

Now I am in Grade 10 and I think about the life I have spent. I come to a conclusion: everyone’s life starts similarly, but the result is different. This is because some people do not know their own goals and only do what others do. Only people who know their goals can have a meaningful life. There are many ways in my life. If I am not careful enough, I will choose the wrong way. For instance, although some people look quite busy, what they do is not meaningful because they do not know their goal! It is necessary for you to know your goal and hold on to it unless you do not want to be successful. Ants use the whole autumn to save food in order to have a good winter. Farmers work under the burning sun in order to have a good harvest. They all know their goal and hold on to it. So do I. When I was in Grade 7, I knew there would be a basketball game in Grade 8. As a student who was crazy about basketball, it was a good chance for me to help my team, so I was sure of my goal. From then on, I began to learn from others and practiced again and again. Nothing could get in my way because of my determination. Although the sun was burning, the weather was hot, I never gave up because I believed: â€Å"no pain, no gain†. Finally, our team did a good job, and it was the result that I wanted. Begin with the end in mind makes me have a definite goal, and makes me go straight towards my dream. Consequently, I advocate that everyone should begin every day with a clear direction and destination and hold on to it. This can lead you to success!

What Is Object Permanence

Object permanence is the knowledge that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen, heard, or perceived in any other way. First proposed and studied by renowned Swiss development psychologist Jean Piaget in the mid-1900s, object permanence is considered a key developmental milestone in the first two years of a child’s life. Key Takeaways: Object Permanence Object permanence is the ability to understand that an object still exists even when it can no longer be perceived in any way.The concept of object permanence was studied by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who proposed a series of six stages specifying when and how object permanence develops during the first two years of life.According to Piaget, children first begin to develop an idea of object permanence at around 8 months old, but other studies suggest the ability starts at a younger age. Origins Piaget developed a stage theory of childhood development, which consisted of four stages. The first stage, called the sensorimotor stage, takes place from birth to approximately 2 years old and is when babies develop object permanence. The sensorimotor stage consists of six substages. At each of the substages, a new achievement in object permanence is expected. To detail the substages in the development of object permanence, Piaget conducted simple studies with his own children. In these studies, Piaget hid a toy under a blanket while  the infant watched. If the child searched for the hidden toy, it was seen as an indication of object permanence. Piaget observed that in general children were around 8 months old when they started to search for the toy. Stages of Object Permanence Piaget’s six substages in the achievement of object permanence during the sensorimotor stage are as follows: Stage 1: Birth to 1 Month Right after birth, infants have no concept of anything outside themselves. At this earliest substage, they experience the world through their reflexes, the reflex of sucking in particular. Stage 2: 1 to 4 Months Starting at around 1 month old, children start to learn through what Piaget called â€Å"circular reactions.† Circular reactions happen when an infant chances on a new behavior, like thumb-sucking, and then attempts to repeat it. These circular reactions involve what Piaget referred to as schemas or schemes — patterns of action that help infants understand the world around them. Infants learn to use multiple different schemes in circular reactions. For example, when a child sucks their thumb, they are coordinating the action of sucking with their mouth with their hand movements. During Stage 2, infants still have no sense of object permanence. If they can no longer see an object or individual, they may look for a moment to where they last saw it, but they won’t attempt to find it. At this point in development, the saying out of sight, out of mind applies. Stage 3: 4 to 8 Months At around 4 months, babies start to observe and interact more with their surrounding environment. This helps them learn about the permanence of things outside themselves. At this stage, if something leaves their line of sight, they will look where the object fell. Also, if they put an object down and turn away, they can find the object again. Further, if a blanket covers part of a toy, they can find the toy.   Stage 4: 8 to 12 Months During Stage 4, true object permanence starts to emerge. At around 8 months old, children can successfully find toys completely hidden under blankets. Yet, Piaget found a limitation to babies’ new sense of object permanence at this stage. Specifically, although an infant could find a toy when it was hidden at point A, when the same toy was hidden at point B, infants would again look for the toy at point A. According to Piaget, infants at Stage 4 are unable to follow displacements to different hiding places. Stage 5: 12 to 18 Months At Stage 5, infants learn to follow the displacement of an object as long as the infant can observe the movement of the object from one hiding place to another.   Stage 6: 18 to 24 Months Finally, at Stage 6, infants can follow displacements even if they don’t observe how a toy moves from hidden point A to hidden point B. For example, if a ball rolls under a sofa, the child can infer the trajectory of the ball, enabling them to look for the ball at the end of the trajectory instead of the beginning where the ball disappeared. Piaget suggested that it’s at this stage that representational thought emerges, which results in the ability to imagine objects in one’s mind. The ability to form mental representations of things they can’t see results in infants’ development of object permanence, as well as an understanding of themselves as separate and independent individuals in the world. Challenges and Critiques Since Piaget introduced his theory on the development of object permanence, other scholars have provided evidence that this ability actually develops earlier than Piaget believed. Psychologists speculate that Piaget’s reliance on infants’ reaching for a toy led him to underestimate the child’s knowledge of individual objects, because it overemphasizes infants underdeveloped motor skills. In studies that observe what children look at, instead of what they reach for, infants appear to demonstrate an understanding of object permanence at younger ages.   For example, across two experiments, psychologist Renà ©e Baillargeon showed infants screens that rotated towards objects in back of them. As they rotated, the screens concealed the objects, but babies still expressed surprise when the screens didnt stop moving when they expected them to because the object should have forced the screens to stop. The results showed that infants as young as 7 months old can understand the properties of hidden objects, challenging Piaget’s ideas about when object permanence first starts developing in earnest. Object Permanence in Non-Human Animals Object permanence is an important development for humans, but we’re not the only ones who develop the ability to understand this concept. Research has shown that higher mammals, including apes, wolves, cats, and dogs, as well as some species of birds, develop object permanence.   For instance, in one study, researchers tested cats and dogs’ object permanence with tasks that were similar to those used to test the ability in infants. When the reward was only a hidden toy, neither species managed to complete all the tasks, but they were successful when the tasks were adjusted to make the reward hidden food. These findings indicate that cats and dogs have completely developed object permanence. Sources Baillargeon, Renà ©e. â€Å"Young Infants’ Reasoning About the Physical and Spatial Properties of a Hidden Object.† Cognitive Development, vol. 2, no. 3, 1987, pp. 179-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(87)90043-8Crain, William. Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.Dorà ©, Francois Y., and Claude Dumas. â€Å"Psychology of Animal Cognition: Piagetian Studies.† Psychological Bulletin, vol. 102, no. 2, 1087, pp. 219-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.102.2.219Fournier, Gillian. â€Å"Object Permanence.† Psych Central, 2018. https://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/object-permanence/McLeod, Saul. â€Å"The Sensorimotor Stage of Cognitive Development.† Simply Psychology, 2018. https://www.simplypsychology.org/sensorimotor.htmlTriana, Estrella, and Robert Pasnak. â€Å"Object Permanence in Cats and Dogs.† Animal Learning Behavior, vol. 9, no. 11, 1981, pp. 135-139.